Milichiidae online

The phylogenetic analysis was performed using TNT version 1.1 (Goloboff et al. 2003), PIWE version 3.0 (for Windows) (Goloboff 1997), and NONA (Goloboff 1999).
In TNT, the “New Technology search” options was used, undertaking sectorial searches, the ratchet, tree drifting and tree fusing. For the driven search, the number of initial addseqs was set to 10 and the random seed set to 5. For the sectorial search, the changes in sectors of size below 75 was set to 20 and above 75 to 24. For the ratchet, the perturbation phase was set to stop at 30 substitutions and the total number of iterations was set to 30. The number of cycles of tree drifting was set to 30 and the perturbation phase was set to stop at 30 substitutions. The number of rounds of tree fusing was set to 40. All other parameters were left at their default settings. For implied weighing in TNT, the same parameters were used, but the K value was set to 7.0.
In PIWE, the maximum number of trees to be held was set to 100,000 and the number of initial trees to 200; the number of replications using the 'mult*' command was set to 5000. The resulting trees underwent extended TBR branch-swapping. The settings for NONA were the same except the number of replications was set to 10,000.
Cladograms were produced using WINCLADA (Nixon 2002), rooted (and thus characters polarized) using outgroup comparison, and character state transformations optimized using the unambiguous optimization option.
Based on the phylogeny of Milichiidae by Brake (2000) a Pholeomyia and a Milichia species, which both belong to the same subfamily as Milichiella, the Milichiinae, as well as a Desmometopa species, which belongs to the sister subfamily, Madizinae, were chosen as outgroups.