Milichiella lacteipennis

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ITIS Name

Milichiella lacteipennis

Rank: 
Species
Unit Name 1: 
Milichiella
Unit Name 2: 
lacteipennis
Usage: 
valid
Authors: 
(Loew, 1866)
Page number: 
185
Other Information: 
Comb. Becker 1907: 533
BDWD_rec_number: 
40810
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Nomenclature & Description

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Taxon Description

Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew, 1866)

Biology

Larvae are saprophagous, coprophagous and necrophagous. Females are
kleptoparasitic on spiders and predaceous insects. In a rearing
experiment with compost from Gomera the development from egg to adult
lasted 4-7 weeks (in Germany) with the the puparium lasting about 2
weeks.

Distribution

almost cosmopolitan in warm (mediterranean to tropical) areas

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Species description

Milichiella lacteipennis

species name description: 
Milichiella lacteipennis
author: 
Loew
year: 
1866
Diagnosis: 

Differs from congeners in the combination of posterior eye margin with notch, shiny black mesonotum, yellow halter and male abdomen with T2-4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges

orbital setae [number]: 
2+1
frontal setae [number]: 
2
lower frontal seta [inclination]: 
medioclinate
frontal width: 
2.5
basoflagellomere [color]: 
black or basomedially reddish
arista [length]: 
3.3
arista [length of pubescence]: 
very short
frons [color]: 

subshiny black, ocellar triangle and upper orbital plates shiny black

palpus [color]: 
black or reddish
male posterior eyemargin [shape]: 
wide notch (5-6oc) and narrow emargination (1oc)
lunule [color]: 
reddish or black
face [color]: 
grey microtomentose
male thorax [color]: 

shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleura with anepisternum and middle of katepisternum shiny, otherwise slightly brown microtomentose

dc [number]: 
2
prsc [number]: 
1
pprn [number]: 
1
prs [number]: 
1(+0.4)
kat [number]: 
2
prsc [length]: 
1
seta between prsc and dc: 
absent
wing [color]: 
hyaline, veins yellow
calypter [color]: 
white
male halter [color]: 
yellow
vein M sections: 
1.5
vein R4+5 and M: 
strongly converging (6.5)
vein R1-spot [presence]: 
absent
tibial organ [presence]: 
absent
legs [color]: 
black, fore and hindtarsus with yellow brush
forefemur setulose [presence]: 
normal
male abdomen [color]: 
T2-4 slightly brown microtomentose except for shiny black posterolateral edges, T5 shiny except for anterior margin
male abdomen [chaetotaxy]: 
T2 anterolateral corner with more than 3 lines of setae, T2-5 setulose except for anterior halfs, T5 lateral margins with long setae
male sternite 5 [shape, chaetotaxy]: 
1.6x as long as wide, 2.0x as long and 1.5x as wide as S4, roughly rectangular, posterior margin indented, setulose
abdominal triangle [presence]: 
present
male terminalia, other characters: 

apical seta on cercus shorter than longest epandrial seta; pregonite with tuft of strong setulae; epandrium with striate anteroventral extension

setae in anteroventral corner of epandrium [number]: 
0
setae on subepandrial plate [number]: 
0
surstylus [chaetotaxy]: 
without setulae
surstylus [structure of lateral surface]: 
striate
surstylus [shape]: 

0.3x as long as epandrium high, dilated posteroapically (1.2x), slightly bent anteriorly, straight in posterior view, 1.3x as long as wide

female posterior eyemargin [shape]: 
wide notch (6oc) and emargination (2oc)
female halter [color]: 
yellow
female thorax [color]: 

shiny black, scutellum brown microtomentose, pleura anterodorsally shiny, posteroventrally slightly greyish microtomentose, except for shiny spot on katepisternum

female abdomen [color]: 
T2-4 medially brown microtomentose, laterally shiny, T5 shiny
wing length [mm]: 
2.5
body length [mm]: 
2.5-3
male specimen studied: 
x
female specimen studied: 
x
remarks: 

There are one male and two female syntypes of Milichiella lacteipennis in MCZ. The male which has been photographed (Type 13451, Anonymous 2009) was designated as lectotype by Brake (2009).

There is one female ST of M. nitida in BMNH. Walker did not state the number or sex of the type specimens of M. nitida. The female specimen in BMNH was designated as the lectotype by Brake (2009) to permit synonymy of M. nitida with M. lacteipennis. Gymnopa nitida Walker, 1836 is thus the senior synonym of M. lacteipennis. However, the name Gymnopa nitida has not been used in original literature after 1899 (only in catalogues), whereas the name Milichiella lacteipennis has been in frequent use. M. lacteipennis is therefore designated as the valid name following ICZN Art. 23.9. Photographs of the male ST of M. lacteipennis are shown in the MCZ type database.

Specimens studied by Brake (2009) were collected on goat, dairy cattle and pig dung, manure piles, grass clippings, garden compost, flowers of Donnellsmithia hintonii M&G., Asclepias, Baccharis glutinosa, Ochradenus baccatus, Tamarix, and leaves of pawpaw, and in Malaise, light, flight, pan, pit fall, carrion, and dung traps. Habitats are arid zones, beach forest, forest edges, mountain meadows and ponderosa pine/meadow. Flies were bred from decaying banana skins and ground-nut plots. Milichiella lacteipennis was observed swarming beside cactus and was attracted by raw or linseed oil or paint.

PA: 
x
AF: 
x
OR: 
x
AU: 
x
NEA: 
x
NEO: 
x
Distribution: 

America, from southern Canada south to Chile and Argentinia; southern Europe to Japan, south to Africa and Australia; Pacific islands; country map click here

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Specimens

Institution/Collection/Catalogue Taxonomic name
IBC Diptera Mile_lact_IL129 Milichiella lacteipennis
IBC Diptera Mile_lact_E231 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218208 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217271 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217272 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217276 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217277 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217278 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217279 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217280 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217281 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217283 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217284 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217285 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217273 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217274 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217275 Milichiella lacteipennis
AMS IBC 3217282 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCZC IBC 3218330 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219241 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218210 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218211 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218289 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218290 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218291 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218292 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218293 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218294 Milichiella lacteipennis
DEIC IBC 3218295 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218752 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218749 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218751 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218748 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218746 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218747 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218750 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3218745 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219235 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219236 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219237 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219238 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219239 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219240 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219227 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219228 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219229 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219230 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219231 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219232 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219233 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219234 Milichiella lacteipennis
BMNH IBC 3218108 Milichiella lacteipennis
HNHM IBC 3218417 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218209 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218206 Milichiella lacteipennis
MCSNM IBC 3218207 Milichiella lacteipennis
SMTD IBC 3219225 Milichiella lacteipennis
USNM IBC 3219226 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219277 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219299 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219300 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219301 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219302 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219303 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219304 Milichiella lacteipennis
CNBF IBC 3219340 Milichiella lacteipennis
Ramel IBC 3219554 Milichiella lacteipennis
BMNH IBC 3219722 Milichiella lacteipennis
BMNH IBC 3220106 Milichiella lacteipennis
BMNH IBC 3220107 Milichiella lacteipennis
IBC IBC 3220196 Milichiella lacteipennis
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Milichiella lacteipennis, distribution map

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Milichiella lacteipennis - Distribution

Markers denote occurence on country level. Blue markers denote verified specimens, red markers literature citations.

Milichiidae of the Lake Kerkini region in Greece

Introduction

The Milichiidae fauna of Greece is virtually unknown, with only Desmometopa m-nigrum, Leptometopa rufifrons and Milichia pubescens (Brake 2000) recorded. However, thanks to the efforts of Gordon Ramel, who maintained several Malaise as well as other traps near Lake Kerkini in northern Greece, close to the border to Bulgaria, this has now changed. Sadly the first parcel with specimens sent to me was lost, so that the absence of data for some traps and times as well as the low numbers in some traps are not necessarily reflecting the original collection.

Milichiella lacteipennis, comprehensive catalog citations

Lobioptera lacteipennis Loew, 1866: 185. CUBA. LT m# MCZ [pres. des.]. Osten Sacken 1878: 210 [catalogue, North America]; Johnson 1895: 339 [Florida], 1904b: 163 [New Jersey]; Anonymous 2009 [type information, photos].

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Bibliography

Year of Publication Authors Title URL
1866 Loew, H Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Loew1866-184-185.pdf
1896 Williston, SW On the diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies) http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35327
1900 Coquillett, DW Report on a collection of dipterous insects from Puerto Rico http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32021010
1907 Becker, T Die Dipteren-Gruppe Milichiinae http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Becker_1907.pdf
1908 Becker, T Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Becker_1908.pdf
1912 Cole, FR Some Diptera of Laguna Beach http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1752841
1913 Malloch, JR A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of new genera and species http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7762076
1914 Lamb, CG The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Vol. 5. No XV http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Lamb1914-359-367-pl.pdf
1914 Bezzi, M Ditteri raccolti dal Prof. F. Silvestri durante il suo viaggio in Africa
1918 de Meijere, JCH Studien über südostasiatische Dipteren. XIV http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10855999
1919 Johnson, CW A revised list of the Diptera of Jamaica http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1354
1925 Cole, FR Notes on the Diptera of Laguna Beach California
1928 Bezzi, M Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History) http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Bezzi_1928.pdf
1936 Frey, R Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Frey1936-124-126.pdf
1936 Bryan, EH Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew)
1937 Hennig, W Milichiidae et Carnidae http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hennig1937.pdf
1963 Krauss, NLH A milichiid fly (Milichiella lacteipennis)
1964 Krauss, NLH Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew)
1965 Sabrosky, CW East African Milichiidae and Chloropidae (Diptera) http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Sabrosky_1965_1.pdf
1979 Papp, L Milichiidae and Carnidae from Afghanistan http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Papp_1979_105.pdf
1985 Sivinski, J Mating by kleptoparasitic flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) on a spider host http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Sivinski_1985.pdf
1985 Deeming, JC, Báez M Some Milichiidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) from the Canary Islands http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Deeming&Baez_1985.pdf
1987 Landau, GD, Gaylor MJ Observations on commensal Diptera (Milichiidae and Chloropidae) associated with spiders in Alabama http://www.jstor.org/stable/3705740?cookieSet=1
1998 Deeming, JC Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) from the Arabian Peninsula
1980 Hardy, DE, Delfinado MD Family Milichiidae http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hardy&Deffinado_1980.pdf
2006 Papp, L, Merz B, Foldvari M Diptera of Thailand. A summary of the families and genera with references to the species representations <Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14304024297
1963 Dorner, RW, Mulla MS Lower aliphatic amines as chemical attractants for Milichiella lacteipennis (Diptera: Milichiidae) <Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR10000009217
2008 Borges, PAV, Aguiar AMF, Boieiro M, Carles-Tolrá M, Serrano ARM 10.1 List of arthropods (Arthropoda) http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/files/publicacoes_17_Cap10.1.pdf
2009 Brake, I <em>Milichiella lacteipennis</em>, comprehensive catalog citations http://milichiidae.info/en/content/milichiella-lacteipennis-comprehensive-catalog-citations
2009 Brake, I Revision of <em>Milichiella</em> Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/1/zt02188p166.pdf
2010 Brake, I Milichiidae of the Lake Kerkini region in Greece http://milichiidae.info/node/12233
2009 Raspi, A, Pisciotta S, Sajeva M <em>Milichiella lacteipennis</em>: new record for Lampedusa Island (Italy) <Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14604026267
2008 Carles-Tolrá, M, Ventura D Algunos dípteros nuevos para las Islas Baleares
2003 Ventura, D, Pretus JLL Insectes del Parc Natural de s'Albufera des Grau (Menorca). Descripció de la metodología i resultats preliminars http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Ventura%20&%20Pretus_2003.pdf
1984 Lopez, A News on insects considered as spider commensals and their hosts
2010 Kondo, T, Brake I, Lopez KI, Korytkowski CA Report on <em>Milichiella lacteipennis</em> (Loew) (Diptera: Milichiidae), attracted to various bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae & Pentatomidae) http://entomologia.univalle.edu.co/boletin/3Kondo.pdf
2009 Anonymous MCZ Type Database @ Harvard Entomology http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/MCZ/index.htm
1998 Kami, KS, Miller SE Samoan insects and related arthropods: Checklist and bibliography
1914 Hunter, SJ Insect types and cotypes in Entomological Museum
1905 Aldrich, JM A catalogue of North American Diptera
1995 Aldrich, JR Chemical communication in the true bugs and parasitoid exploitation
2009 Gerlach, J 21. Superfamily Carnoidea
1999 Iwasa, M The genus _Milichiella_ Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) of Japan http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Iwasa%20M_1999.pdf
2008 Papp, L Milichiidae. In: 10.1 Lista dos artrópodes (Arthropoda) = List of arthropods (Arthropoda)
2008 Perez-Gelabert, DE Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): a checklist and bibliography <Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14409057166
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