Desmometopa

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Nomenclature & Description

Desmometopa Loew

Diagnosis: 

Frons usually with a paired row of interfrontal setae situated on grey sclerotized interfrontal stripes; these stripes and concolorous frontal and orbital plates and ocellar triangle demarcating a dull to velvet-black M-shaped area. Subgenus Litometopa without 'M', frons with only one orbital seta and without interfrontal setae or hairs.

Original genus: 
Desmometopa
Author: 
Loew
Year: 
1866
Parentheses: 
Absent
Page: 
184
Type data: 

Agromyza m-atrum Meigen (SD) Hendel 1903: 251 = sordida Fallen

Status: 
valid
Valid genus: 
Desmometopa
Synonyms: 
Liodesma Duda, 1935; Liodesmometopa Duda, 1935; Litometopa Sabrosky, 1965; Platophrymia Williston, 1896
Other Information: 
More than 50 valid species. Desmometopa is divided into three subgenera, Desmometopa, Platophrymia, and Litometopa.
BDWD_rec_number: 
5203
Head: 

Frons usually slightly longer than broad at vertex, especially in males. In most species (not in subgenus Litometopa) the M-shaped frontal vitta is velvet black, sometimes slightly subshiny, against which background the other parts of the front stand out distinctly. Postocellar setae parallel, ocellar setae lateroproclinate; 1-3 orbital setae, anterior orbital seta lateroproclinate (absent in Litometopa), middle seta lateroclinate and posterior seta medioreclinate and smaller or absent; interfrontal setulae present as well as setula between supra-antennal seta and eye margin. Antenna with basoflagellomere usually small and rounded, arista short pubescent. Proboscis geniculate, slightly elongate; labellum with 4 pseudotracheae

Thorax: 

Acrostichal setulae scattered, usually 1 large prescutellar pair but up to 3 more large pairs between dorsocentral rows; 2 dorsocentral setae; 1 presutural setae; 1 postsutural supra-alar setae; 1 postalar seta; 1 postpronotal seta; 2 notopleural setae; anepisternum and anepimeron bare; 1 katepisternal seta; 2 scutellar setae. Basisternum large and V-shaped, precoxal bridge absent or present (Litometopa).

Wing: 

Hyaline; costa broken twice, shortly beyond humeral crossvein and at end of subcosta; costa extended to vein M1; discal cell separate from cell bm by crossvein bm-cu; veins A1 and CuA2 form cell cup, A1 ends shortly behind cell cup; A2 absent

Legs: 

Fore coxa usually black, but yellow in flavicoxa group. Fore coxa and femur usually short, but in a few species slightly to strongly elongate and raptorial or mantislike in appearance.

Male abdomen: 

Black. Some variation in shape of sternite 5. Males of Litometopa have glandlike sclerotized structures within the abdomen (Brake & Freidberg 2003). Terminalia with surstylus partly fused with epandrium; cerci separate, nearly or as large as epandrium in lateral view; subepandrial sclerite present; postgonite absent; pregonite with a few setulae; phallapodeme fused with bases of pregonites and hypandrium, distiphallus membranous, forming a slender tube, which is widened in the middle.

Female abdomen: 

Preabdomen typical for Milichiidae. Ovipositor short, T6-7 and S6-7 undivided, S8 specialised and T8 short; S6 usually triangular, quadrate and with median anterior projection in Litometopa; secondary ovipositor inside segment 7 (see Brake 2000: 63). Spermathecal ducts rolled up into one small loose coil.

Biology: 

Females are kleptoparasitic and are especially attracted to predatory insects or spiders feeding on honeybees. Larvae develop for example in rotting vegetables

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Milichiella species description

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Desmometopa m-atrum, label
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Bibliography

Year of Publication Authors Title
1941 Frey, H Enumeratio insectorum fenniae
1820 Fallén, CF Oscinides Sveciae
1992 Eytan, Z The entomofauna of carrions in Israel: biological, ecological and forensic aspects
1976 Eckloff, W Untersuchungen und Diskussionen zur Evolutionsbiologie und zum Kommunikationssystem der Trophobiose zwischen formicophilen Homopteren (besonders Aphiden) und Ameisen unter Berücksichtigung der Beziehung zwischen Aphiden und Dipteren
1831 Curtis, FLS A guide to an arrangement of British Insects; being a catalogue of all named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland
1840 von Roser Erster Nachtrag zu dem im Jahre 1834 bekannt gemachten Verzeichnisse in Württemberg vorkommender zweiflügeliger Insekten
1837 Curtis, FLS A guide to an arrangement of British Insects: being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland. Second Edition, Greatly enlarged
1866 Loew, H Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena
1871 van der Wulp, FM Dipterologische Aanteekeningen
1873 Grzegorzek, A Übersicht der bis jetzt in der Sandezer Gegend West-Galiziens gesammelten Dipteren
1874 Weyenbergh, H Varia entomologica
1873 Kowarz, F Beitrag zur Dipteren-Fauna Ungarns
1878 Osten Sacken, CR Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. [Ed.2]
1887 Gobert, E Catalogue des diptères de France
1881 Mik, J Dipterologische Mittheilungen. I. Über einige Dipteren aus der Sammlung Dr. Emil Gobert's in Mont-de-Marsan
1882 Wachtl, FA Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Biologie, Systematik und Synonymie der Insekten
1887 Beuthin, H Erster Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Dipteren der Umgegend von Hamburg
1893 Strobl, PG Beiträge zur Dipterenfauna des österreichischen Littorale
1894 Strobl, PG Die Dipteren von Steiermark
1898 Strobl, PG Fauna Ditera Bosne, Hercegovine i Dalmatije. [In Serbo-Croatian]
1897 Bezzi, M, de Stefani-Perez T Enumerazione dei Ditteri fino ad ora raccolti in Sicilia
1898 Mik, J Merkwürdige Beziehungen zwischen _Desmometopa m-atrum_ aus Europa und _Agromyza minutissima_ aus Neu Guinea
1899 Thalhammer, J Diptera
1899 Kertész, K Verzeichnis einiger, von L. Biró in Neu-Guinea und am Malayischen Archipel gesammelten Dipteren
1898 van der Wulp, FM, de Meijere JCH Nieuwe Naamlijst van nederlandsche Diptera
1899 Biró, L Commensalismus bei Fliegen
1900 Strobl, PG Dipterenfauna von Bosnien, Hercegovina und Dalmatien
1900 Johnson, CW Order Diptera
1900 Strobl, PG Spanische Dipteren, IX
1902 Thalhammer, J Qaedam de fauna dipterologica Transsylvaniae
1902 Coquillett, DW New acalyptrate Diptera from North America
1902 Becker, T Die Meigen'schen Typen der sogenannten Muscidae acalypterae (Muscaria holometopa) in Paris und Wien
1903 Hendel, F Kritische Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Muscidae acalypteratae. I. Über die Sectio Milichiinae
1904 Baker, CH Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I
1905 Becker, T Cyclorrhapha Schizophora: Holometopa
1905 Britton, WE, Viereck HL Insects collected from the flowers of fruit trees and plants
1906 Tucker, ES Contributions towards a catalogue of the insects of Kansas
1906 Jacobs, JC Diptères de la Belgique
1906 Lundström, C Om _Desmometopa_-arternas snyltgästning hos spindlar och rofinsecter
1906 Strobl, PG Spanische Dipteren II
1907 Hendel, F Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserlichen Museum in Wien
1907 Tucker, ES Some results of desultory collecting of insects in Kansas and Colorado
1907 Becker, T _Desmometopa_
1907 Becker, T Die Ergebnisse meiner dipterologischen Frühjahrsreise nach Algier und Tunis 1906
1908 Williston, SW XLI. Family Agromyzidae
1908 Bezzi, M Ditteri Eritrei raccolti dal Dott. Andreini e dal Prof. Tellini. Parte Seconda (1)
1908 Becker, T Dipteren der Insel Madeira
1909 Czerny, L, Strobl PG Spanische Dipteren. III. Beitrag
1910 Kröber, O Fauna Hamburgensis. Verzeichnis der in der Umgebung von Hamburg gefundenen Dipteren
1910 Johnson, CW Diptera of New Jersey
1910 Strobl, PG Die Dipteren von Steiermark. II. Nachtrag
1910 Becker, T Dipteren aus Südarabien und von der Insel Sokótra
1910 Becker, T Dipterologische Sammelreise nach Korsika
1911 Hendel, F Über von Prof. J. M. Aldrich erhaltene und einige andere amerikanische Dipteren
1911 Collin, JE Additions and corrections to the British list of Muscidae Acalyptratae
1912 Encobet, JA Datos para el conocimiento de la distribución geográfica de los Dipteros de España
1913 Frost, CA Peculiar habits of small Diptera, _Desmometopa latipes_ Meigen
1913 Johnson, CW Insects of Florida. I. Diptera
1913 Kuntze, A Dipterologische Sammelreise in Korsika des Herrn W. Schnuse in Dresden im Juni und Juli 1899
1914 Johnson, CW The dipteran fauna of Bermuda
1914 Lamb, CG The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Vol. 5. No XV
1914 Malloch, JR Formosan Agromyzidae
1914 Hendel, F H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.) III
1914 de Meijere, JCH Studien über südostasiatische Dipteren. IX
1915 Knab, F Commensalism in _Desmometopa_. (Diptera, Agromyzidae)
1914 Bezzi, M Contributo allo studio della fauna Libica. Materiali raccolti nelle zone di Misurata e Homs (1912-13) dal Dott. Alfredo Andreini, Capitano Medico. Ditteri
1917 de Peyerimhoff, P Phorésie et commensalisme chez les _Desmometopa_
1918 Thalhammer, J Ordo Diptera
1917 Kramer, H Die Musciden der Oberlausitz
1918 de Meijere, JCH Studien über südostasiatische Dipteren. XIV
1919 Hendel, F Neues über Milichiiden (Dipt.)
1919 Johnson, CW A revised list of the Diptera of Jamaica
1919 Baumberger, JP A nutritional study of insects, with special reference to microorganisms and their substrata
1920 Britton, WE Check-list of the insects of Connecticut
1921 Frey, R Studien über den Bau des Mundes der niederen Diptera Schizophora nebst Bermerkungen über die Systematik dieser Dipterengruppen
1921 Kramer, H Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lausitzer Dipteren
1921 Bezzi, M Ditteri di Cirenaica raccolti dal Prof. Alessandro Ghigi durante l'escursione organaizzata dal Touring Club Italiano nel mese d'Aprile 1920
1922 Bezzi, M Materiali per lo studio della fauna Tunisia raccolti da G. e L. Doria
1922 Becker, T Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstützung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem anglo-ägyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. VI. Diptera
1924 Malloch, JR Notes on Australian Diptera. No iii
1924 Rabaud, E Le commensalisme de _Desmometopa sordida_ Fallén
1925 Sturtevant, AH The seminal receptacles and accessory glands of the Diptera, with special reference to the Acalypterae. [Part 1]
1925 Johnson, CW Fauna of New England. 15. List of the Diptera or two-winged flies
1926 Illingworth, JF _Desmometopa m-nigrum_ (Zett.) (Note)
1926 Sturtevant, AH The seminal receptacles and accessory glands of the Diptera, with special reference to the Acalypterae. [Part. 2]
1926 Gowdey, CC Catalogus insectorum Jamaicensis. Order Diptera
1926 Bezzi, M, Lamb CG XXIII. Diptera (excluding Nematocera) from the Island of Rodriguez
1927 Malloch, JR Notes on Australian Diptera. No. x
1927 Wahlgren, E 25. Fam. Sprickflugor. Milichiidae
1928 Johannsen, OA Order Diptera
1928 de Meijere, JCH Vierde supplement op de nieuwe naamlijst van Nederlandische Diptera
1928 Aldrich, JM Notes on the synonymy of Diptera
1928 Bezzi, M Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History)
1929 Illingworth, JF _Desmometopa tarsalis_ Loew (Note)
1930 Séguy, E Risultanti zoologici della missione inviata della R. Società Geografica Italiana per l'esplorazione dell' oasi di Giarabub (1926-1927). Insectes diptères
1931 Latter, OH Observations on the insect enemies of the British bee _Osmia rufa_ (L.) (Hym.: Megachilidae)
1930 Aldrich, JM Notes on the synonymy of Diptera, No. 4
1931 Bristowe, WS Notes on the biology of spiders. VII. Flies that triumph over spiders
1932 Hendel, F Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Expedition. 1925/26. Diptera XXX-XXXVI
1932 Winn, AF, Beaulieu G A preliminary list of the insects of the province of Quebec - Part II, Diptera (two-winged flies). Revised and supplemented
1934 Curran, CH The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932
1934 Curran, CH Family Phyllomyzidae
1934 Audcent, H Bristol Insect Fauna. Diptera (Part VII and last)
1934 Bryan, EH A review of the Hawaiian Diptera, with descriptions of new species
1935 Hendel, F Séguy, E. Diptères (Brachycères)
1936 Wolcott, GN Insectae Borinquenses." A revision of "Insectae Portoricensis
1936 Frey, R Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme
1936 Karl, O Die Fliegenfauna Pommerns. Diptera Brachycera
1937 Hennig, W Milichiidae et Carnidae
1938 Herzig, J Blattlausmelkende Fliegen
1938 Brimley, CS The insects of North Carolina. Being a list of the insects of North Carolina and their close relatives
1939 Hennig, W Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kopulationsapparates und der Systematik der Acalyptraten. II. Tethinidae, Milichiidae, Anthomyzidae und Opomyzidae
1939 Séguy, E Diptera (esc Culicidae)
1940 Sakimura, K, Linford MB An annotated list of insects from Lanai
1941 Bristowe, WS The comity of spiders
1942 Brimley, CS Supplement to insects of North Carolina
1943 Zwaluwenburg, RH The insects of Canton Island
1944 Beatty, HA The insects of St. Croix, V. I
1945 Frey, R Tiergeographische Studien über die Dipterenfauna der Azoren. I. Verzeichnis der bisher von den Azoren bekannten Dipteren
1945 Krauss, NLH Notes on some Hawaiian Insects
1947 Denning, DG, Pratt JJ, Staebler AE, Wirth WW A tabulation of insects recovered from aircraft entering the United States at Miami, Florida, during the period July 1943 through December 1944
1949 Steyskal, GC The dipterous fauna of tree trunks
1949 Collin, JE Results of the Armstrong College Expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan Desert), 1935, under the leadership of Prof. J. Omer-Cooper. Diptera Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Aschiza and Acalypterae
1950 Séguy, E Phoresie et role pathogene chez les insectes dipteres
1951 Wolcott, GN Milichiidae. In: The insects of Puerto Rico. Diptera, two-winged flies
1951 Ringdahl, O Flugor från Lapplands, Jämtlands och Härjedalens fjälltrakter (Diptera Brachycera)
1951 Bohart, GE, Gressitt JL Filth-inhabiting flies of Guam
1952 Swezey, OH Insects from decaying blossoms
1952 Kato, M, Hori K Studies on the associative ecology of insects. VI. Larval association of flies during the summer in Sendai and its vicinity, Japan
1952 Hardy, DE Additions and corrections to Bryan's check list of the Hawaiian Diptera
1953 Ryckman, RE, Ames CT Insects reared from cacti in Arizona
1953 Richards, OW Commensalism of _Desmometopa_ with predacious insects and spiders
1956 Lee, D, Crust M, Sabrosky CW The Australasian Diptera of J. R. Malloch
1956 Gressitt, JL _Desmometopa tarsalis_ Loew
1956 Grensted, LW On the gender of the generic names _Desmometopa_ and _Leptometopa_ (Diptera, Milichiidae)
1957 Storâ, R Einige bemerkenswerte Dipterenfunde an einem saftenden Birkenstamme
1958 Frey, R Zur Kenntnis der Diptera brachycera pp. der Kapverdischen Inseln
1957 Berry, PA Lista de insectos clasificados de El Salvador
1958 Lewis, DJ Some Diptera of medical interest in the Sudan Republic
1958 Sabrosky, CW East African Milichiidae (Diptera). (Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zoologischen Ostafrika-Expedition 1951/52, Gruppe Lindner - Stuttgart, Nr. 32)
1958 Frey, R Kanarische Diptera brachycera p.p., von Håkan Lindberg gesammelt
1958 Stackelberg, AA Acalyptrata, part 1
1960 Suehiro, A Insects and other arthropods from Midway Atoll
1961 Wilton, DP Refuse containers as a source of flies in Honolulu and nearby communities
1962 Coe, RL Diptera taken in Yugoslavia from May to July, 1955, with localities and notes. Part four
1962 Doskocil, J Dvoukridli (skupiny Acalyptrata) Rychlebskych hor
1964 Kühlhorn, F Über die Dipterenfauna des Stallbiotops
1964 Sychevskaia, VI Mites found on synanthropic flies in Uzbekistan
1964 Frost, SW Insects taken in light traps at the Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida
1965 Hennig, W Diptera Acalyptratae aus dem Iran
1965 Sabrosky, CW East African Milichiidae and Chloropidae (Diptera)
1965 Sabrosky, CW Family Milichiidae
1965 Nikitin, MI Insects from boxthorn berries and other non-commercial fruits in New South Wales
1966 Steyskal, GC Notes and descriptions of Egyptian acalyptrate Diptera (Ephydridae, Milichiidae, Otitidae)
1966 Linsley, EG, Usinger RL Insects of the Galapagos Islands
1966 Sholdt, LL Insects associated with the flowers of the coconut palm, _Cocos nucifera_ L., in Hawaii
1966 Beshosvki, VL Several families of Diptera unknown to Bulgarian fauna: Dryomyzidae, Chamaemyiidae, Trichoscelidae, Asteidae, Canacidae and Milichiidae
1966 Coffey, MD Studies on the association of flies (Diptera) with dung in southeastern Washington
1967 Steyskal, GC, El-Bialy S A list of Egyptian Diptera with a bibliography and key to families
1968 Colyer, CN, Hammond DCO Flies of the British Isles
1968 Coe, RL A further collection of Diptera from Yugoslavia
1969 Lyneborg, L Some Micropezidae, Psilidae, Platystomidae, Otitidae, Pallopteridae, Odiniidae, Aulacigasteridae, Asteiidae and Milichiidae collected in Southern Spain, with descriptions of six new species
1969 Cole, FR Milichiidae
1970 Rohlfien, K, Ewald B Katalog der in den Sammlungen des ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes aufbewahrten Typen - VIII
1970 Legner, EF Attraction of _Hippelates_ eye gnats and other minute diptera to baits and man with considerations on competitive displacement by exotic non-problem species
1971 Michener, CD Notes on Crabonine Wasp nests
1971 Deeming, JC Some species of _Atherigona_ Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) from northern Nigeria with special reference to those injurious to cereal crops
1972 Griffiths, GCD The phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen
1973 Hardy, DE Note: _Desmometopa inaurata_
1973 Sabrosky, CW Family Milichiidae
1974 Lindner, E Zur Kenntnis der Dipteren-Fauna Südwestafrikas, III. Diptera Acalyptratae
1974 Kühlhorn, F _Phallus impudicus_ L. (Stinkmorchel) in siedlungsnahen Gehölzen als mögliche Quelle der Zuwanderung von Dipteren in den Siedlungsbereich
1974 Arnaud, PH Insects and a mite associated with stored _Cannabis sativa_ Linnaeus
1975 Hardy, DE Desmometopa spp
1976 McMillan, RP Observations on flies of the family Milichiidae cleaning _Araneus_ and _Nephila_ spiders
1976 Papp, L Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera) from Mongolia
1976 Sabrosky, CW ??. Fam. Milichiidae
1977 Sabrosky, CW Family Milichiidae
1978 Papp, L Some cavernicolous Diptera of the Geneva Museum
1978 Papp, L Species of nine acalyptrate fly families from Tunisia
1978 O'Toole, C Ants, bees and wasps (aculeate Hymenoptera)
1978 Papp, L 72. család: Milichiidae + Carnidae
1979 Papp, L Milichiidae and Carnidae from Afghanistan
1979 Büttiker, W, Attiah MD, Pont AC Diptera: Synanthropic Flies
1979 Arnaud, PH A catalogue of the types of Diptera in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences
1980 Joseph, ANT, Parui P Filth inhabiting flies (Diptera) of Calcutta City
1980 Sivinski, J, Stowe M A kleptoparasitic Cecidomyiid and other flies associated with spiders
1980 Hackman, W A check list of the Finnish Diptera. II. Cyclorrhapha
1981 Papp, L Lauxaniidae, Periscelididae, Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Diastatidae, Camillidae, Odiniidae, Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) in the Hortobágy
1981 Williams, RE, Walker CL A unique fly problem in an industrial bio-filter system
1983 Okaeme, AN Notes on Acalypterates (Diptera) as pests of cattle
1983 Grootaert, P Twee Milichiidae (Diptera), nieuw voor de Belgische fauna
1983 Sabrosky, CW A Synopsis of the world species of _Desmometopa_ Loew (Diptera, Milichiidae)
1984 Bährmann, R Die Zweiflügler (Diptera Brachycera) der Kraut- und Strauchschicht des Leutratales bei Jena/Thüringen - ein ökofaunistischer Vergleich
1985 Nentwig, W Obligate kleptoparasitic behaviour of female flies at spider webs (Diptera: Empidoidea: Microphoridae)
1985 Sivinski, J Mating by kleptoparasitic flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) on a spider host
1985 Papp, L Acalyptrate flies from sifted materials in the Geneva Museum
1986 Wolda, H, Sabrosky CW Insect visitors to two forms of _Aristolochia pilosa_ in Las Cumbres, Panama
1986 Gregor, F Celad: Milichiidae
1987 Landau, GD, Gaylor MJ Observations on commensal Diptera (Milichiidae and Chloropidae) associated with spiders in Alabama
1987 Rohácek, J Second supplement to the acalyptrate Diptera fauna (Pseudopomyzidae, Strongylophthalmyiidae, Chamaemyiidae, Chyromyidae, Anthomyzidae, Aulacigastridae, Periscelididae, Carnidae, Milichiidae) of Czechoslovakia
1987 Gregor, F Milichiidae
1988 Dodson, G, Daniels G Diptera reared from _Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum_ (Juss.) Miq. at Iron Range, northern Queensland
1961 Santána, FJ The biology of immature Diptera associated with bacterial decay in the Giant Saguaro Cactus (_Cereus giganteus_, Engelmann)
1989 Nowakowski, JT Diptera acalyptratae (excluding Chloropidae) of moist meadows on the Mazovian Lowland. In: Fauna composition and structure of moist meadows on the Mazovian Lowland
1989 Mathis, WN Diptera ... of the Pitcairn Group (Ducies, Henderson, Oeno and Pitcairn Islands)
1989 Ursu, A Contribution à la connaissance des Milichiides de la faune de Roumanie
1989 Sabrosky, CW 78. Family: Milichiidae
1991 Nowakowski, JT Milichiidae
1991 Rafael, JA Insects collected during the Maraca Project, Roraim, Brazil: with complementary list
1991 Eisner, T, Eisner M, Deyrup M Chemical attraction of kleptoparasitic flies to heteropteran insects caught by orb-weaving spiders
1991 de Bruyn, L Milichiidae
1992 Papp, L Fly communities in pasture dung: Some results and problems (Diptera)
1992 Carles-Tolrá, M New and interesting records of Diptera Acalyptrata from Spain. Part I: Acartophthalmidae, Opomyzidae, Anthomyzidae, Asteiidae, Carnidae, Tethinidae, Milichiidae and Cryptochetidae
1993 Papp, L Three new milichiid species from Hungary
1993 Sternberg, K First record of commensal flies, _Desmometopa_ sp., on a dragonfly, _Cordulegaster boltonii_ (Donovan)
1993 Carles-Tolrá, M, Garanto O, Checa JI Nuevas citas y datos de dípteros acalípteros para España (Diptera: Acalyptrata)
1994 Carles-Tolrá, M Lista preliminar de 34 familias de dípteros acalípteros de Cataluña (España) (Diptera Acalyptrata)
1995 Papp, L Dipterous assemblages of sheep-run droppings in Hungary (Diptera) I: Qualitative results
1995 Barrientos, JA El patrimoni biològic del Montseny
1995 Carles-Tolrá, M Nuevas citas de dípteros acalipteros para las Islas Baleares, junto con una lista preliminar de once familias (Diptera: Acalyptrata)
1995 Carles-Tolrá, M Dípters
1996 Iwasa, M The genus _Desmometopa_ Loew (Diptera, Milichiidae) of Japan
1996 Kido, MH, Asquith A, Vargas RI Nontarget insect attraction to methyl eugenol traps used in male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in riparian Hawaiian stream habitat
1996 Beuk, PLT, Brake I Milichiidae
1997 Rohácek, J Milichiidae
1997 Carles-Tolrá, M Citas nuevas de dípteros acalípteros para la Península Ibérica (Diptera, Acalyptrata)
1998 Peck, SB, Heraty J, Landry B, Sinclair BJ Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
1998 Woodruff, RE, Beck BM, Skelley PE, Schotmann CYL, Thomas MC Checklist and bibliography of the insects of Grenada and The Grenadines
1998 Papp, L 87. Milichiidae
1998 Papp, L, Wheeler TA 3.28. Family Milichiidae
1998 Deeming, JC Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) from the Arabian Peninsula
1998 Chandler, PJ Milichiidae
1998 Danielsson, R Diptera: Milichiidae present in the Entomological Museum of Lund University
1999 Rohácek, J Carnidae, Tethinidae, Milichiidae
2000 Swann, JE Milichiidae (Diptera: Carnoidea)
2000 Cooper, BE, Cumming JM Diptera types in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. Part 3: Schizophora (exclusive of Tachinidae)
2001 Rohácek, J, Barták M Milichiidae
2001 Kirk-Spriggs, AH, Ismay JW, Ackland M, Rohácek J, Mathis WN, Foster GA, Pape T, Cranston P, Meier R Inter-tidal Diptera of southwestern Africa (Chironomidae, Canacidae, Chloropidae, Milichiidae, Tethinidae, Ephydridae, Sphaeroceridae, Coelopidae, Sarcophagidae and Anthomyiidae)
2001 McGowan, A, Broderick AC, Deeming JC, Godley BJ, Hancock DL Dipteran infestation of loggerhead (_Caretta caretta_) and green (_Chelonia mydas_) sea turtle nests in northern Cyprus
2001 Papp, L Cyclorrhaphan flies new for the fauna of Hungary (Diptera)
2001 Chandler, PJ, Petersen FT, Papp L Milichiidae
2001 Carles-Tolrá, M, Blasco-Zumeta J Estudio comparativo de veintinueve familias de dípteros colectados en un sabinar de _Juniperus thurifera_ L. en Los Monegros (Zaragoza) (Diptera: Orthorrhapha y Cyclorrhapha)
2001 Carles-Tolrá, M Algunos dípteros nuevos para Portugal (Insecta, Diptera)
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Key to genera of Milichiidae

This key has been adapted from Brake (2000).

1. Vibrissa below or at the level of lower margin of eye; head in profile subquadrate; vertical diameter of eye less than 1.5x the horizontal diameter. Frons in male as wide as in female. Wing with subcostal notch seldom evident, never well-developed; R4+5 and M1 not or only slightly converging at tips; distal margin of anal cell (CuA2) usually rounded (if not, then epistoma extended dorsally, subtriangular). Abdominal tergites of male without silvery microtomentum.

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