J. M.  Aldrich, A catalogue of North American Diptera. 1905, p. 680 pp.

D. W.  Coquillett, ?New acalyptrate Diptera from North America?, Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 10, pp. 177-191, 1902.

T.  Becker, ?Die Dipteren-Gruppe Milichiinae?, Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, vol. 5, pp. 507-550, 1907.

C. W.  Sabrosky, ?A revision of the genus Pholeomyia in North America (Diptera: Milichiidae)?, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 52, pp. 316-331, 1959.