O. A.  Johannsen, ?Order Diptera?, in List of the insects of New York with a list of the spiders and certain other allied groups, M. D.  Leonard, Ed. 1928, pp. 687-869.

C. H.  Curran, ?Family Phyllomyzidae?, in The families and genera of North American Diptera, C. H.  Curran, Ed. Woodhaven, N.Y.: Henry Tripp, 1934, pp. 334-338.