J.  Arnett, R. H., American insects. A handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985, p. xiv+ 850 pp.

C. W.  Sabrosky, ?Family Milichiidae?, in A catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico, A. R.  Stone, Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H., and Coulson, J. R., Eds. Washington: , 1965, pp. 728-733.