C. W.  Sabrosky, ?78. Family: Milichiidae?, in Catalog Diptera, Australian and Oceanian Regions, vol. 86, N.  Evenhuis, Ed. 1989, pp. 555-557.

G. M.  Nishida, Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. Honolulu: Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1992, p. iv + 313 pp??

W.  Hennig, ?Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kopulationsapparates und der Systematik der Acalyptraten. II. Tethinidae, Milichiidae, Anthomyzidae und Opomyzidae?, Arbeiten über morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem, vol. 6, pp. 81-94, 1939.