J. M.  Aldrich, A catalogue of North American Diptera. 1905, p. 680 pp.

T.  Becker, ?Cyclorrhapha Schizophora: Holometopa?, in Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren, vol. 4, T.  Becker, Bezzi, M., Kertész, K., and Stein, P., Eds. Budapest: , 1905, pp. 1-273.