J. M.  Aldrich, A catalogue of North American Diptera. 1905, p. 680 pp.

D. W.  Coquillett, ?New acalyptrate Diptera from North America?, Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 10, pp. 177-191, 1902.

C. W.  Sabrosky, ?New species and notes on North American acalyptrate Diptera?, Entomological News, vol. 69, pp. 169-176, 1958.