@article {23518, title = {Floral scent and pollinators of Ceropegia trap flowers}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {232}, year = {2017}, pages = {169{\textendash}182}, abstract = {

Ceropegia L. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) comprises more than 200 species, all characterized by complex pitfall flowers. The deceptive flowers are myiophilous and pollinated predominantly by small flies from different families. It has been suggested that floral scent cues, that mimic food sources or oviposition sites, play an important role for attraction of target fly pollinators, and, together with morphological flower traits, explain the high functional specialization in terms of pollination by specific taxa. However, apart from two Ceropegia species, the floral scent composition and the mimicry strategies in this genus are unexplored. We tested for associations between floral scent and insect visitor and pollinator assemblages of 14 Ceropegia species. We also used nrDNA and chloroplast DNA markers to calculate a Maximum Likelihood tree and test for phylogenetic signal in scent chemistry and flower visitors/pollinators. The observed pollinators belonged to eight fly families, at least 18 genera, and 33 morphospecies, but each Ceropegia species was typically associated with only one or two pollinating fly families or genera. We detected a total of 317 floral volatiles, including aliphatic and aromatic components, terpenes, and various unknowns. Both flower visitor and pollinator patterns did not show an overall association with floral
scent chemistry. There was phylogenetic signal in flower visiting fly families and fly pollinator assemblages, but not in flower visiting fly morphospecies and overall scent chemistry. We discuss that despite the not existing correlation between pollinator and scent patterns the highly specific pollination system in Ceropegia will be explained mainly by floral scent chemistry.

}, keywords = {Chemical mimicry, Deceptive strategy, Fly pollination, Pollen transfer efficiency, Scent specificity}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.02.001}, author = {A Heiduk and Irina Brake and Tschirnhaus, M. von and Haenni, J. P. and Miller, R. and Hash, J. and Prieto-Ben{\'\i}tez, S. and J{\"u}rgens, A. and Johnson, S. D. and Schulz, S. and Liede-Schumann, S. and Meve, U. and D{\"o}tterl, S.} } @article {23226, title = {Ceropegia sandersonii mimics attacked honeybees to attract kleptoparasitic flies for pollination}, journal = {Current Biology}, volume = {26}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/10/24}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {

Four to six percent of plants, distributed over different angiosperm families, entice pollinators by deception [1]. In these systems, chemical mimicry is often used as an efficient way to exploit the olfactory preferences of animals for the purpose of attracting them as pollinators [2,3]. Here, we report a very specific type of chemical mimicry of a food source. Ceropegia sandersonii (Apocynaceae), a deceptive South African plant with pitfall flowers, mimics attacked honeybees. We identified kleptoparasitic Desmometopa flies (Milichiidae) as the main pollinators of C. sandersonii. These flies are well known to feed on honeybees that are eaten by spiders, which we thus predicted as the model chemically mimicked by the plant. Indeed, we found that the floral scent of C. sandersonii is comparable to volatiles released from honeybees when under simulated attack. Moreover, many of these shared compounds elicited physiological responses in antennae of pollinating Desmometopa flies. A mixture of four compounds\—geraniol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanol, and (E)-2-octen-1-yl acetate\—was highly attractive to the flies. We conclude that C. sandersonii is specialized on kleptoparasitic fly pollinators by deploying volatiles linked to the flies\’ food source, i.e., attacked and/or freshly killed honeybees. The blend of compounds emitted by C. sandersonii is unusual among flowering plants and lures kleptoparasitic flies into the trap flowers. This study describes a new example of how a plant can achieve pollination through chemical mimicry of the food sources of adult carnivorous animals.

}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.085}, author = {A Heiduk and Irina Brake and Tschirnhaus, M. von and G{\"o}hl, M. and J{\"u}rgens, A. and Johnson, S. D. and Meve, U. and D{\"o}tterl, S.} } @article {23170, title = {Nuevos datos sobre d{\'\i}pteros iberobaleares (D{\'\i}ptera: Orthorrhapha y Cyclorrhapha)}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Asociaci{\'o}n espa{\~n}ola de Entomolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {53-95}, url = {http://www.entomologica.es/cont/publis/boletines/1053.pdf}, author = {Carles-Tolr{\'a}, M.} } @article {23126, title = {Insect pollinators of carrots in Utah}, journal = {Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin}, volume = {419}, year = {1960}, month = {1960/04/??}, pages = {16 pp}, url = {http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074\&context=piru_pubs}, author = {Bohart, G. E. and Nye, WP} } @article {15448, title = {The type material of Milichiidae and Carnidae (Insecta: Diptera: Schizophora) in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien}, journal = {Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B}, volume = {110}, year = {2009}, month = {April 2009}, pages = {67-76}, abstract = {The type specimens of Milichiidae and Carnidae in the Natural History Museum Vienna are listed. Lectotypes are designated for Phyllomyza epitacta HENDEL, 1914, Milichia integra BECKER, 1922, and Pholeomyia longifacies HENDEL, 1933. Additionally, Madiza palpalia WAHLBERG is considered as an unavailable name for Desmometopa discipalpis PAPP, 1993.}, keywords = {Aldrichiomyza agromyzina, Carnidae, Carnus eggeri, Carnus hemapterus, Carnus setosus, Desmometopa ciliata, Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa sordida, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa lacteipennis, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza palpalia, Meoneura algerica, Meoneura furcata, Meoneura infuscata, Meoneura obscurella, Meoneura pectinata, Milichia decora, Milichia integra, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella bimaculata, Milichiella freyi, Milichiella hendeli, Milichiella nitida, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza leanderi, Pholeomyia anomala, Pholeomyia argyrophenga, Pholeomyia leucozona, Pholeomyia longifacies, Pholeomyia schineri, Phyllomyza epitacta, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza lucens, Phyllomyza melania, Phyllomyza tetragona, types}, author = {Irina Brake} } @article {15305, title = {News on insects considered as spider commensals and their hosts}, journal = {British Arachnological Society, The Newsletter}, volume = {40}, year = {1984}, pages = {3-4}, type = {article}, keywords = {Afrotropis, Desmometopa sordida, Desmometopa tristis, Europe, France, kleptoparasitism, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, Seychelles, spiders}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Lopez\%20A_1984.pdf}, author = {Lopez, A.} } @article {14881, title = {Milichiidae of the Lake Kerkini region in Greece}, number = {19 January 2010}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa microps, Desmometopa sordida, Enigmilichia, Greece, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza, Madiza glabra, Milichia ludens, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella iberica, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Paramyia hungarica, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza securicornis, Phyllomyza sp. Sultanitsa}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/node/12233}, author = {Irina Brake} } @inbook {3980, title = {Milichiidae et Carnidae}, booktitle = {Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region}, volume = {61a}, year = {1937}, pages = {1-91}, type = {chapter}, keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Milichiidae, Palaearctis}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hennig1937.pdf}, author = {Hennig, W.} } @article {4083, title = {East African Milichiidae and Chloropidae (Diptera)}, journal = {Stuttgarter Beitr{\"a}ge zur Naturkunde}, volume = {138}, year = {1965}, pages = {1-8}, type = {article}, keywords = {Afrotropis, Desmometopa glabrifrons, Desmometopa inaurata, Desmometopa interfrontalis, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa sordida, Litometopa, Milichia apicalis, Milichiella acrosticalis, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, original genus description, original species description}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Sabrosky_1965_1.pdf}, author = {Sabrosky, C. W.} } @article {4160, title = {72. csal{\'a}d: Milichiidae + Carnidae}, journal = {Fauna Hungariae}, volume = {15}, year = {1978}, pages = {9-50}, type = {article}, keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Carnus hemapterus, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa sordida, Europe, Hemeromyia anthracina, Hemeromyia remotinervis, images, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Madiza britannica, Madiza glabra, Madiza pachymera, Meoneura carpathica, Meoneura exigua, Meoneura flavifacies, Meoneura freta, Meoneura hungarica, Meoneura lacteipennis, Meoneura minuscula, Meoneura minutissima, Meoneura neglecta, Meoneura neottiophila, Meoneura obscurella, Meoneura paralacteipennis, Meoneura triangularis, Milichia ludens, Milichia pseudoludens, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Phyllomyza donisthorpei, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza flavitarsis, Phyllomyza melania, Phyllomyza rubricornis, Phyllomyza securicornis, Phyllomyza tetragona Phyllomyza longipalpis}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Papp_1978_9.pdf}, author = {Papp, L.} }