@article {23924, title = {Catalogue of the Diptera (Insecta) of Morocco{\textemdash} an annotated checklist, with distributions and a bibliography}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {1094}, year = {2022}, month = {Apr-12-2022}, pages = {1-466}, abstract = {

The faunistic knowledge of the Diptera of Morocco recorded from 1787 to 2021 is summarized and updated in this first catalogue of Moroccan Diptera species. A total of 3057 species, classified into 948 genera and 93 families (21 Nematocera and 72 Brachycera), are listed. Taxa (superfamily, family, genus and species) have been updated according to current interpretations, based on reviews in the literature, the expertise of authors and contributors, and recently conducted fieldwork. Data to compile this catalogue were primarily gathered from the literature. In total, 1225 references were consulted and some information was also obtained from online databases. Each family was reviewed and the checklist updated by the respective taxon expert(s), including the number of species that can be expected for that family in Morocco. For each valid species, synonyms known to have been used for published records from Morocco are listed under the currently accepted name. Where available, distribution within Morocco is also included. One new combination is proposed:Assuania melanoleuca(S\éguy, 1941),comb. nov.(Chloropidae).

}, issn = {1313-2970, 1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.1094.62644}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1094.62644}, author = {Kettani, Kawtar and Ebejer, Martin J. and Ackland, David M. and B{\"a}chli, Gerhard and Barraclough, David and Bart{\'a}k, Miroslav and Carles-Tolr{\'a}, Miguel and {\v C}ern{\'y}, Milos and Cerretti, Pierfilippo and Chandler, Peter and Dakki, Mohamed and Daugeron, Christophe and De Jong, Herman and Dils, Josef and Disney, Henry and Droz, Boris and Evenhuis, Neal and Gatt, Paul and Graciolli, Gustavo and Grichanov, Igor Y. and Haenni, Jean-Paul and Hauser, Martin and Himmi, Oumnia and MacGowan, Iain and Mathieu, Bruno and Mouna, Mohamed and Munari, Lorenzo and Nartshuk, Emilia P. and Negrobov, Oleg P. and Oosterbroek, Pjotr and Pape, Thomas and Pont, Adrian C. and Popov, Grigory V. and Rognes, Knut and Skuhrav{\'a}, Marcela and Skuhrav{\'y}, Vaclav and Speight, Martin and Tomasovic, Guy and Trari, Bouchra and Tschorsnig, Hans-Peter and Vala, Jean-Claude and von Tschirnhaus, Michael and Wagner, R{\"u}diger and Whitmore, Daniel and Wo{\'z}nica, Andrzej J. and Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz and Zwick, Peter} } @article {23906, title = {{\textquoteleft}Bleeding{\textquoteright} flowers of Ceropegia gerrardii (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) mimic wounded insects to attract kleptoparasitic fly pollinators}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {239}, year = {2023}, month = {Apr-04-2023}, pages = {1490-1504}, abstract = {

Summary Kleptomyiophily, where flowers imitate wounded insects to attract \‘kleptoparasitic\’ flies as pollinators, is one of the most specialized types of floral mimicry and often involves physical trapping devices. However, the diversity of pollinators and functional floral traits involved in this form of mimicry remain poorly understood. We report a novel example of kleptomyiophily in the nontrapping flowers of Ceropegia gerrardii and explore the floral traits responsible for attracting pollinators. The pollinators, reproductive biology and floral traits (including epidermal surfaces, spectral reflectance and the composition of nectariferous petal secretions and scent) were investigated. Attractive volatiles were identified using electrophysiological and behavioural experiments. Ceropegia gerrardii was predominantly pollinated by kleptoparasitic Desmometopa spp. (Milichiidae) flies. The flower corollas extrude a protein- and sugar-containing secretion, similar to the haemolymph of wounded insects, on which the flies feed. Floral scent was chemically similar to that of injured honey bees. Four out of 24 electrophysiologically active compounds, all released by injured honey bees, were identified as key players in pollinator attraction. Our results suggest that C.\ gerrardii flowers chemically mimic wounded honey bees to attract kleptoparasitic flies and reward them with a secretion similar to the haemolymph on which they would normally feed.

}, keywords = {behavioural trap, Brachystelma, electroantennographic detection, floral scent, fly-pollination, haemolymph mimicry, honey bee mimicry, kleptoparasitism}, issn = {0028-646X, 1469-8137}, doi = {10.1111/nph.18888}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.18888}, author = {Heiduk, Annemarie and Brake, Irina and Shuttleworth, Adam and Johnson, Steven D.} } @inbook {23553, title = {Order Diptera, families Milichiidae and Carnidae}, booktitle = {Arthropod fauna of the UAE}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, pages = {621-635}, keywords = {Carnidae, key, Milichiidae, new species, photos, United Arab Emirates}, author = {Deeming, J. C.} } @article {23518, title = {Floral scent and pollinators of Ceropegia trap flowers}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {232}, year = {2017}, pages = {169{\textendash}182}, abstract = {

Ceropegia L. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) comprises more than 200 species, all characterized by complex pitfall flowers. The deceptive flowers are myiophilous and pollinated predominantly by small flies from different families. It has been suggested that floral scent cues, that mimic food sources or oviposition sites, play an important role for attraction of target fly pollinators, and, together with morphological flower traits, explain the high functional specialization in terms of pollination by specific taxa. However, apart from two Ceropegia species, the floral scent composition and the mimicry strategies in this genus are unexplored. We tested for associations between floral scent and insect visitor and pollinator assemblages of 14 Ceropegia species. We also used nrDNA and chloroplast DNA markers to calculate a Maximum Likelihood tree and test for phylogenetic signal in scent chemistry and flower visitors/pollinators. The observed pollinators belonged to eight fly families, at least 18 genera, and 33 morphospecies, but each Ceropegia species was typically associated with only one or two pollinating fly families or genera. We detected a total of 317 floral volatiles, including aliphatic and aromatic components, terpenes, and various unknowns. Both flower visitor and pollinator patterns did not show an overall association with floral
scent chemistry. There was phylogenetic signal in flower visiting fly families and fly pollinator assemblages, but not in flower visiting fly morphospecies and overall scent chemistry. We discuss that despite the not existing correlation between pollinator and scent patterns the highly specific pollination system in Ceropegia will be explained mainly by floral scent chemistry.

}, keywords = {Chemical mimicry, Deceptive strategy, Fly pollination, Pollen transfer efficiency, Scent specificity}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.02.001}, author = {A Heiduk and Irina Brake and Tschirnhaus, M. von and Haenni, J. P. and Miller, R. and Hash, J. and Prieto-Ben{\'\i}tez, S. and J{\"u}rgens, A. and Johnson, S. D. and Schulz, S. and Liede-Schumann, S. and Meve, U. and D{\"o}tterl, S.} } @article {23226, title = {Ceropegia sandersonii mimics attacked honeybees to attract kleptoparasitic flies for pollination}, journal = {Current Biology}, volume = {26}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/10/24}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {

Four to six percent of plants, distributed over different angiosperm families, entice pollinators by deception [1]. In these systems, chemical mimicry is often used as an efficient way to exploit the olfactory preferences of animals for the purpose of attracting them as pollinators [2,3]. Here, we report a very specific type of chemical mimicry of a food source. Ceropegia sandersonii (Apocynaceae), a deceptive South African plant with pitfall flowers, mimics attacked honeybees. We identified kleptoparasitic Desmometopa flies (Milichiidae) as the main pollinators of C. sandersonii. These flies are well known to feed on honeybees that are eaten by spiders, which we thus predicted as the model chemically mimicked by the plant. Indeed, we found that the floral scent of C. sandersonii is comparable to volatiles released from honeybees when under simulated attack. Moreover, many of these shared compounds elicited physiological responses in antennae of pollinating Desmometopa flies. A mixture of four compounds\—geraniol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanol, and (E)-2-octen-1-yl acetate\—was highly attractive to the flies. We conclude that C. sandersonii is specialized on kleptoparasitic fly pollinators by deploying volatiles linked to the flies\’ food source, i.e., attacked and/or freshly killed honeybees. The blend of compounds emitted by C. sandersonii is unusual among flowering plants and lures kleptoparasitic flies into the trap flowers. This study describes a new example of how a plant can achieve pollination through chemical mimicry of the food sources of adult carnivorous animals.

}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.085}, author = {A Heiduk and Irina Brake and Tschirnhaus, M. von and G{\"o}hl, M. and J{\"u}rgens, A. and Johnson, S. D. and Meve, U. and D{\"o}tterl, S.} } @article {23170, title = {Nuevos datos sobre d{\'\i}pteros iberobaleares (D{\'\i}ptera: Orthorrhapha y Cyclorrhapha)}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de la Asociaci{\'o}n espa{\~n}ola de Entomolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {25}, year = {2001}, pages = {53-95}, url = {http://www.entomologica.es/cont/publis/boletines/1053.pdf}, author = {Carles-Tolr{\'a}, M.} } @article {15448, title = {The type material of Milichiidae and Carnidae (Insecta: Diptera: Schizophora) in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien}, journal = {Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B}, volume = {110}, year = {2009}, month = {April 2009}, pages = {67-76}, abstract = {The type specimens of Milichiidae and Carnidae in the Natural History Museum Vienna are listed. Lectotypes are designated for Phyllomyza epitacta HENDEL, 1914, Milichia integra BECKER, 1922, and Pholeomyia longifacies HENDEL, 1933. Additionally, Madiza palpalia WAHLBERG is considered as an unavailable name for Desmometopa discipalpis PAPP, 1993.}, keywords = {Aldrichiomyza agromyzina, Carnidae, Carnus eggeri, Carnus hemapterus, Carnus setosus, Desmometopa ciliata, Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa sordida, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa lacteipennis, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza palpalia, Meoneura algerica, Meoneura furcata, Meoneura infuscata, Meoneura obscurella, Meoneura pectinata, Milichia decora, Milichia integra, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella bimaculata, Milichiella freyi, Milichiella hendeli, Milichiella nitida, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza leanderi, Pholeomyia anomala, Pholeomyia argyrophenga, Pholeomyia leucozona, Pholeomyia longifacies, Pholeomyia schineri, Phyllomyza epitacta, Phyllomyza equitans, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza lucens, Phyllomyza melania, Phyllomyza tetragona, types}, author = {Irina Brake} } @article {14881, title = {Milichiidae of the Lake Kerkini region in Greece}, number = {19 January 2010}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Desmometopa discipalpis, Desmometopa microps, Desmometopa sordida, Enigmilichia, Greece, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza, Madiza glabra, Milichia ludens, Milichia speciosa, Milichiella argyrogaster, Milichiella iberica, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, Neophyllomyza acyglossa, Paramyia hungarica, Phyllomyza longipalpis, Phyllomyza securicornis, Phyllomyza sp. Sultanitsa}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/node/12233}, author = {Irina Brake} } @article {6773, title = {New records of some filth flies species (Diptera: Milichiidae) in Southwest Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences}, volume = {14}, year = {2007}, pages = {263-270}, abstract = {

A Malaise trap was used during different time periods between 2002 and 2006, in the Asir province of Saudi Arabia at different localities. Nine known species of Milichiidae (some of them of medical importance) have been identified. These are: Desmometopa m-nigrum (Zetterstedt, 1848); D. varipalpis Malloch 1927; D. singaporensis Kertesz 1899; Leptometopa rufifrons Becker 1903; L. latipes (Meigen 1830); L. nilssoni Sabrosky, 1987; Milichia pubescens Becker 1907; Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew 1866); Enigmilichia dimorphica Deeming, 1981, from South-Western Saudi Arabia, the last seven species of the above are recorded for the first time. Biological information and distribution of these species are included. The fauna of Milichiidae found in this study is much more of Afrotropical than Palaearctic origin.

}, author = {Dawah, H. A. and Abdullah, M. A.} } @inbook {3980, title = {Milichiidae et Carnidae}, booktitle = {Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region}, volume = {61a}, year = {1937}, pages = {1-91}, type = {chapter}, keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Milichiidae, Palaearctis}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Hennig1937.pdf}, author = {Hennig, W.} } @article {4199, title = {Some Milichiidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) from the Canary Islands}, journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine}, volume = {121}, year = {1985}, pages = {63-69}, type = {article}, keywords = {Canary Islands, Desmometopa m-nigrum, key, Leptometopa rufifrons, Milichia canariensis, Milichia mixta, Milichia nitida, Milichia pubescens, Milichiella bimaculata, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, puparium description}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Deeming\&Baez_1985.pdf}, author = {Deeming, J. C. and B{\'a}ez, M.} } @article {4281, title = {Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) from the Arabian Peninsula}, journal = {Fauna of Saudi Arabia}, volume = {17}, year = {1998}, pages = {147-157}, type = {article}, keywords = {Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Desmometopa ciliata, Desmometopa inaurata, Desmometopa interfrontalis, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa varipalpis, Leptometopa coquilletti, Leptometopa kaszabi, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa nilssoni, Leptometopa rufifrons, Meoneura baluchistani, Meoneura nitidiuscula, Milichia albomaculata, Milichia pubescens, Milichiella argentiventris, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, Phyllomyza}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Deeming_1998_147_Cyclorrhapha.pdf}, author = {Deeming, J. C.} } @article {4162, title = {Milichiidae and Carnidae from Afghanistan}, journal = {Folia entomologica hungarica}, volume = {32}, year = {1979}, pages = {105-109}, type = {article}, keywords = {Afghanistan, Asia, Carnidae; Milichiidae [Germany / Central / Faunal characteristics, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa microps, Desmometopa singaporensis, Desmometopa varipalpis, faunistics, Hemeromyia afghanica, Leptometopa latipes, Leptometopa niveipennis, Leptometopa rufifrons, Madiza glabra, Meoneura glaberrima, Meoneura hennigi, Meoneura prima, Meoneura subfreta, Milichiella lacteipennis, Milichiidae, species description}, url = {http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Papp_1979_105.pdf}, author = {Papp, L.} }